American Indian people of northwestern Mexico and Arizona.
In 1533, the Yaquis saw the first white men: a Spanish military expedition searching for slaves. The Spanish who initiated warfare were soundly defeated, but took thousands of Yaqui lives. Between 1608 and 1610 the Spanish repeatedly attacked the Yaqui people. The Yaquis proved they could raise a fighting force of 7,000 within a few hours to successfully defend Yaqui land and cultural integrity.
Nevertheless, the Yaquis preferred peace. They asked the Jesuits to enter Yaqui villages to do missionary work and economic development. Most of the 60,000 Yaquis settled into eight sacred towns or "pueblos" and built churches: La Navidad del Senor de Vikam, Santa Rosa de Vahkom, La Asuncion de Nuestra Senora de Rahum, Espiritu Santo (Ko'okoim), Santa Barbara de Wiivisim, San Ignacio de Torim, San Miguel de Veenem, and La Santisima Trinidad de Potam.
Silver was discovered in the Yaqui River Valley around 1684. The Spanish, who treasured the silver stone, began moving into the area, began taking sacred Yaqui land, and treated the Yaqui people disrespectfully.
In 1740, the Yaqui allied with the neighboring Mayo tribe to force the Spanish out of the God-given Indian lands. For the next 190 years, the Yaqui people continued to fight the Spanish, and then the Mexicans (after they won their independence from Spain).
Juan Banderas was one Yaqui leader who tried to unite the Mayo, Opata, and Pima tribes with the Yaqui tribe in attempt to force the Mexicans out of Indian country. He was caught with an Opata chief in 1833 and was executed.
By this time, the Yaqui people had suffered greatly. Many Yaquis left the Rio Yaqui area to fight in the Vakatetteve Mountains; others relocated to Yaqui communities in Arizona. Many more died in battles or were executed. In 1868, 600 Yaqui men, women, and children were captured near Vahkom Pueblo by Mexican state and federal troops. Their arms (bows and arrows and rifles) were taken, and 450 were locked in a church. During the night, the church was shelled. 120 of the people inside were massacred. But still, the Yaquis continued to believe in and fight for the right to land, autonomy, and freedom from harassment.
The Mexican government tried various tactics to defeat the Yaquis. Many were killed. Mexican troops would occupy Yaqui pueblos to keep watch over them. Yaquis were also deported to work as slaves in many distant areas of Mexico, as Yucatan, Oaxaca, Vera Cruz, Mexico City, and Guadalajara. The deportation of Yaquis extended past the borders of Mexico to include Bolivia, the islands of the Caribbean, and the United States.
Huachuca Illustrated, volume 2, 1996: The Yaqui Fight in Bear Valley" 10th Cavalry soldiers holding Yaqui prisoners at their camp in Bear Valley, January 9, 1918. Since the United States Border Patrol did not yet exist, the task of protecting the border was that of the army, which operated out of Fort Huachuca. The Nogales, Arizona subdistrict commander,Colonel J.C. Friers, 35th Infantry, responded to the reports by issuing orders to increase patrolling in the area. American forces in the area included the 35th Infantry Regiment, stationed at Camp Stephen D. Little in Nogales, and the 10th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers, who were spread out to protect the various towns near the international border.
notes: http://net.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/comment/huachuca/HI2-05.htm
My Notes:
Many Yaqui moved further north, near Tempe, Arizona. They settled in a neighborhood named after Our Lady of Guadalupe. The town incorporated in 1979 as Guadalupe, Arizona. Today, more than 44 percent of the town's is Native American, and many are trilingual in Yaqui, English and Spanish.
A small Yaqui neighborhood known as Penjamo is located in South Scottsdale, Arizona. Yaqui families in California are based in Fresno. Yaquis originally residing in the border town of Presidio, Texas, who fled Sonora in 1850 after killing Mexican soldiers in a fight, are now based in Lubbock, Texas, and are known as the Texas Band of Yaqui Indians, a state-recognized Tribe under Resolution SR#989 signed by Sen. Charles Perry and the Texas state Senate.
Nov 25, 1994 - For 500 years, Yaqui Indians in Sonora have clung to their land by ... Verdugo said the agricultural advisers are being unfairly accused by tribal
Yaqui tribe’s factional dispute turns bloody
http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue2/1994/11/25/208840-yaqui-tribe-s-factional-dispute-turns-bloody/
MARIA HERRERA. Generation No. 2 2. ANASTASIA2 HERRERA (JOSE ANASTASIO1 She married LUCIO HERNANDEZ. Notes for LUCIO HERNANDEZ: Hung at San Marcos Station Mexico Yaqui Indians : While his wife and Children Watched: We don't know what happen to her , If was killed or sold into slavery Lucio Hernandez. State: Arizona Yaqui Slaves of Yucatan My Yaquis were put on boats at Guaymas and shipped to San Blas, where they were forced to walk over 300 kilometers to San Marcos. Here were large concentration camps where the Yaqui families were broken up. Individuals were then sold inside the station and packed into train cars which took them to Veracruz. Another boat ride brought them to Progreso in Yucatán, from which they were taken to the plantation which would be their tomb.
Family notice: there is a hand in back of the neck holding Maria Hernandez de Verdugo up for the photograph ( our grandmother) she had passed away early that morning Sylvester Martinez is to her right and lit E.Martinez is in front of her father Sylvester Martinez. ( He is not our Grandfather Baltezar Verdugo is our Grandfather)
The partially restored photograph was done by Family Member E. Campbell Nov 24, 2004
We all know the Story of our Grandparent Maria Hernandez and Baltizar Verdugo Escaped San Marcos, Jalisco, yaqui slave encampment located 80 kilometers west of Guadalajara, Mexico's second largest city. “Yaquis were sold here (as slaves) for 25 centavos a head… Around the station were located concentration camps where hundreds of native people died of hunger and disease.”
Maria's Father LUCIO HERNANDEZ: Hung at San Marcos Station Mexico Yaqui Indians : While his wife ANASTASIA HERRERA and Children Watched: We don't know what happen to Anastasia, If she was killed or sold into slavery
We are the grandchildren of Maria Hernandez and Baltazar Verdugo (Frank, Nora, Esther Campbell)
(Ruben Verdugo) (Nelly Hernandez) (Victor Verdugo)
San Marcos Station:
Silent witness to the enslavement and attempted genocide of Mexico’s Yaqui Indians
Maria Hernandez and Baltazar Verdugo
They escaped captivity from the San Marco train station the Yaqui Genocide Silent witness to the enslavement and attempted genocide of US Arizona Arizona us territory New Mexico and Mexico's Yaqui Indians An old railway station at the western end of the train tracks in Jalisco, Mexico, bears witness to unspeakable cruelties perpetrated upon thousands of Yaqui Indians in the early 1900s. According to the Jalisco Secretariat of Culture's Guachimontones Guide Book, Yaquis were sold as slaves at the station "for 25 centavos a head" and "around the station were located concentration camps where hundreds of native people died of hunger and disease." This building, now abandoned, is located near the town of San Marcos, 80 kilometers west of Guadalajara
The young Baltizar Saved their lives,, but not before Maria watched her father Lucio Hernandez> hanged and her mother> Anastasia Herrera sold into slavery never to be seen again..
Baltizar Verdugo and Maria Henandez were married: Abt. 1917 Culiacan , Sinaloa Mex. Both were buried in a cemetery side by side. only to be swept away by a hurricane their bodies are now resting in peace in the ocean they had 18 children: only 7 lived
1. >BALTIZAR3 VERDUGO (VICTOR2, VICTOR1) He married >MARIA HERNANDEZ Abt. 1917 in Culiacan , Sinaloa Mex., daughter of >LUCIO HERNANDEZ and >ANASTASIA HERRERA. She was born 1894 in Nogalez AZ., and died in Nogalez Sonora Mexico.
There were 18 children these are the one's that survived
Children of >BALTIZAR VERDUGO and >MARIA HERNANDEZ are:
1. i. CANDELARIA4 VERDUGO, b. 1920, Phoenix Arizona; d. August 31, 1952, leopard conley carville Louisiana stabed to death. ( murder at Carville)
2 ALEJANDRA VERDUGO, b. November 11, 1921 ;Phoenix Arizona d. November 1985 City of Salinas, California.
3. . >LUZ VERDUGO, b. February 14, 1922, Sinaloa Culiacan mexico; d. August 26, 1989, CALIFORNIA, SAN BERNARDINO.
THE PARENT OF LUZ VERDUGO AND GRANDPARENTS are on a original document from Sinaloa Culiacan Mexico sealed and delivered.. Mexico Civil Registration it lists all 4 Grandparents and where they lived at the time.. this is a registered certified certificate not a copy..this cannot be disputed this has also been filed with the daughter of the american revolution it has legal merit. I Esther Campbell have the Original Document .
4. iv. VICTOR VERDUGO HERNANDEZ SR., b. 1924, mexico; d. May 2011, San Luis Río Colorado.
5 BALTHAZAR VERDUGO, b. 1927, culiacan sinaloa mexico; d. 1987, Yuma Arizona;
More About BALTHAZAR VERDUGO: Burial: Arizona USA Gila County Mountain View Cemetery
6. vi. T HERNANDEZ VERDUGO HERNANDEZ.
7. vii. MANUEL VERDUGO HERNANDEZ, b. March 01, 1933, \ d.